The Place of Animals in Theodicy and in Justice

It is widely recognized that the animal suffering of evolutionary past a problem for believers in good and just God. However, this not insuperable if intrinsic value nonhuman flourishing as integral to Creator’s plan (including sentience makes possible among most species animals), comparable human suffering. These considerations have bearing on justice. Many philosophers, while granting moral standing animals, assume that, where justice concerned, interests trump those nonhumans. people accept central nonhumans, such avoidance painful death, are trumped by trivial interests. But obligations animals presupposed here ones liable be superseded each every interhuman obligation. Hence, theories need recognize needs generate justice, well charity.